CIOMP currently has 18 research departments, including 6 national key laboratories/engineering centers and 2 key laboratories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
| State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications |
| State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics |
| Space Optics Department I |
| Space Optics Department II |
| Space Optics Department III |
| Aeronautical Imaging and Measurement Technology Research Department I |
| Aeronautical Imaging and Measurement Technology Research Department II |
| Aeronautical Imaging and Measurement Technology Research Department III |
| Electro-Optical Countermeasures Department |
| Image Processing Technology Research Department |
| State Key Laboratory of Optics System Advanced Manufacturing Technology |
| Photoelectric Detection Research Department |
| National Engineering Research Center for Diffraction Gratings Manufacturing and Application |
| Precision Instrument and Equipment R&D Center |
| Space New Technology Department |
| Space Robot Center |
| The Bimberg Chinese-German Green Photonics Research Center |
| The GPL Photonics Laboratory |